Glossary and Terms: Figures and Shapes 모양 관련 영어단어

Arc - A portion of the circumference of a circle.

Base - The bottom line of a shape.

Center - In a circle, the center is the point that is the same distance from all points on the circumference.

Chord - Any line that connects two points on the circumference of a circle.

Circle - A simple shape made up of all the points on a plane that are the same distance from a single point.

Circumference - The perimeter of a circle or the distance around the outside of a circle.

Closed figure - Any figure that has the same start and end point is a closed figure.

Concentric - Objects with the same center are considered concentric.

Cone - A three dimensional object that has a flat circular base that tapers to a single point.

Congruent - Figures are said to be congruent if they have the same shape and size.

Cube - A cube is a three dimensional object bound by six identical squares.

Cylinder - A cylinder is a three dimensional object with two parallel bases (which are usually circles) connected by a curved surface.

Diameter - A line segment that passes through the center of a circle with each end point being on the circumference.

Ellipse - An ellipse is a closed curve where the distance from two fixed points to any point on the curve add to the same constant. The circle is a special type of ellipse.

Equiangular - When all angles inside a polygon are the same, it is said to be equiangular. A square and an equilateral triangle are equiangular.

Face - One side or plane of a three dimensional object.

Hypotenuse - The longest side of a right triangle. It is the side opposite from the right angle.

Irregular polygon - A polygon with sides of all different lengths and angles of all different degrees.

Open figure - A two-dimensional object that is not closed.

Parallelogram - A quadrilateral with two sets of parallel sides. Opposite sides are the same length and opposite angles are equal in a parallelogram.

Perimeter - The distance around the outside of a two dimensional figure.

Pi - A special constant number used for figuring the circumference and diameter of a circle. It goes on forever but can be shortened to 3.14159.

Polygon - A closed figure made up of straight lines. Polygons with different numbers of sides have their own names. See the polygon page for more on polygons.

Polyhedron - A three-dimensional object composed of flat faces and straight lines.

Prism - A three-dimensional object with ends that are parallel and congruent as well as sides that are parallelograms.

Pythagorean theorem - A formula used to calculate the length of the sides in a right triangle. It is a² + b² = c² where a and b are two sides of the right triangle and c is the hypotenuse.

Radius - A line segment from the center of a circle to the outside border.

Rectangle - A quadrilateral, or four sided polygon, with four right angles.

Regular polygon - A polygon where all of the sides have the same length and all of the angles are equal in measure.

Rhomboid - A rhomboid is a parallelogram where the adjacent sides are not equal.

Rhombus - A rhombus is a parallelogram where all four sides are the same length.

Similar figures - Similar figures have the same shape, but different sizes.

Sphere - A three-dimensional object where every point is the same distance from the center. A basketball is a sphere.

Square - A rectangle where all four sides are the same length.

Surface area - The total sum of all the surfaces of a three-dimensional object.

Trapezoid - A quadrilateral with only one pair of parallel sides.

Vertex - A point of intersection for lines or segments.